"In September of 2000, the University of Wisconsin at Madison and the University of Idaho were both embarrassed when they were forced to admit that they had doctored promotional photographs to make their campuses look diverse. In both cases, non-white faces were added to real student photographs of all-white groups...The research team counted the racially identifiable student photographs and also gathered data on the actual make-up of the student bodies. The findings: Black students made up an average of 7.9 percent of students at the colleges studied, but 12.4 percent of those in viewbooks...Looked at another way, he found that more than 75 percent of colleges appeared"